News about Anaesthesiology

Investigation Of intestinal Mucosal Barrier Functions To Simulated Weightlessness

Researchers examined the responses of intestinal mucosal barrier functions to simulated weightlessness, by using the hindlimb unloading rats model. Exposure to microgravity or weightlessness leads to various adaptive and pathophysiological alterations in digestive structures and physiology. 

Compared with normal controls, simulated weightlessness damaged the intestinal villi and structural integrity of tight junctions, up-regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax while down-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, thus improved the intestinal permeability. It could also influence intestinal microbiota composition with the expansion of Bacteroidetes and a decrease of Firmicutes.

Prolonged Tamoxifen Therapy More Likely to Cause Endometrial Cancer

An analysis of large randomized controlled trials, however, reveals that extended use of tamoxifen is linked with a two-fold increased risk of developing endometrial (womb) cancer, when compared with standard 5 years of tamoxifen

Eating Fish Provides Limited Nutrition to Bangladeshis, New Finding

People in Bangladesh are now eating 30% more fish than they did 20 years ago, but they are getting a smaller amount of important nutrients from it, a new study shows.

Current Rectal Cancer Therapies Inefficient For Young

A new study reveals that individuals younger than 50 years of age who are diagnosed with rectal cancer do not experience an overall survival benefit from currently recommended treatments.

First-trimester Screening of Pregnant Women for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Needed

First-trimester screening of pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteriuria—higher than normal bacteria levels without symptoms of a bladder infection—is recommended by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care in an updated guideline in CMAJ 

NPS DataHub: Response to New Illegal Drugs Speeded

The NPS DataHub allows forensic chemists to share data on new drug analogs, including their chemical structures and signatures, which are the keys to identifying them in the lab.

Body's Microreactors For Innate Immunity Discovered

A DNA-sensing enzyme forms droplets that act as tiny bioreactors creating molecules to stimulate innate immunity, the body's first response to infection, UT Southwestern researchers report.

Potential to Replace Race as a Risk Factor for Kidney-transplant Failure

A significant portion of kidneys from deceased donors are discarded because they literally don't make the grade—a scoring system known as the kidney donor profile index (KDPI) that aims to predict how long a donor kidney will last in an intended recipient based on a variety of factors, including the donor's age, size and health history

Zika And Dengue Virus: A Deep Dive into their Differences

More than two years after reports of skyrocketing Zika rates surfaced worldwide, questions still loom about this complicated virus. Florida State University researchers are one step closer to finding answers.

New Era In Cardiology; D-transposition Of The Great Arteries

TGA is a congenital heart defect in which the two major arteries leaving the heart, the pulmonary artery and the aorta, are connected to the wrong ventricles. The result is that oxygenated blood in the lungs is pumped back to the lungs instead of around the body. Blood in the body continues circulating instead of going to the lungs to pick up oxygen. The study was published in Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications.

Predictive Modeling For Late-Life Healthcare Spending

End-of-life health care spending in the United States may not be the low-hanging fruit it is often thought to be, according to a predictive modeling study recently published in Science.

Nucleus Tuberalis Lateralis Plays A Vital Role In Regulating Eating Behavior

A team of researchers from China and Singapore has discovered a region in the brain that appears to play a central role in regulating eating behavior. In their paper published in the journal Science, the group describes their study of the brain region and what they found. Sabrina Diano with the Yale University School of Medicine offers a Perspective piece on the work done by the team in the same journal issue