One of the important and predicted physiological effects of spinal anesthesia is hypotension. A range of strategies including mechanical interventions, intravenous fluids and vasoconstrictor drugs have been used to minimize or prevent spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension.
Observational studies suggest that ondansetron reduces the incidence of post-spinal hypotension (PSH) and support the use of combined fluid preloading and vasoconstrictors for this purpose (but with limited doses) to avoid side effects as fluid overload and tachycardia respectively.
As no RCT had ever compared the use of ondansetron alone with combined vasoconstrictors and fluid preload, this randomized controlled trial has evaluated the efficacy of the use of ondansetron alone compared to the combined use of fluid preload and vasoconstrictors to decrease the incidence of spinal hypotension.
Spinal anesthesia
Ninety patients of ASA grade I between the age of 18 and 45 years scheduled for undergo elective surgical procedures on the lower extremity or lower abdomen under spinal anesthesia were included in the study. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 45 each. Group I patients (ondansetron group) received 4 mg ondansetron in 5 ml normal saline (IV) 15 minutes before induction of spinal anesthesia.
Group II patients (combination group) received preloading with 7.5 ml / kg / min of Ringer's lactate over 10 minute period preceding the spinal block followed by intravenous bolus of 2.5 mg ephedrine in the first and second minute and 2.5 mg ephedrine every 5 minutes for the next 20 minutes after the injection of spinal anesthetic drug. Non-invasive measurement of mean arterial pressures, heart rate, reactive hypertension,
Reversal of hypotension
The incidence of hypotension following the subarachnoid block in Group I (ondansetron group) was 17.6% versus group II (combination group) was 13.3%, while difference between the groups is statistically insignificant (P = 0.082). Group IV fluids alone could reverse hypotension in 57.1% of patients in group I 33.3% in group II. 42.9% of patients in group I and 67.7% in group II could not be managed with IV fluids alone and had to be treated with 5 mg boluses of ephedrine for reversal of hypotension.
The difference in the number of fluid boluses and the dose of ephedrine used between both groups was statistically insignificant (P = 0.11 and P = 0.21). HR showed a significant increase in group II and a statistically insignificant change in group I with a statistically significant difference in the heart rate (HR) between both groups (P <0.05).
The preemptive use of Ondansetron alone versus combined vasoconstrictors with fluid preload significantly reduces the incidence of post-spinal hypotension (PSH) with no significant difference between both regimens. Furthermore, they also reduced the use of vasoconstrictors and fluids to correct hypotension.